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Words of Chinese origin have entered the English language and many European languages. Most of these were loanwords from Chinese itself, a term covering those members of the Chinese branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family. However, Chinese words have also entered indirectly via other languages, particularly Korean, Japanese and Vietnamese, that have all used Chinese characters at some point and contain a large number of Chinese loanwords. == Different sources of loan words == English words with Chinese origin usually have different characteristics depending how the words were spread to the West. Despite the increasingly widespread use of Standard Mandarin among Chinese people, English words that are based on Mandarin are relatively few. Some words spread to the West ... *via the missionaries who lived in China. These have heavy Latin influence due the Portuguese and Spanish missionaries. *via the sinologists who lived in China. These have heavy French influence due to the long history of French involvement in Sinology. *via the maritime trade route, e.g. tea, Amoy, cumshaw etc. These have heavy influence from the Amoy dialect in southern seaports. *via the early immigrants to the US in the gold rush era, e.g. chop suey. These have heavy influence from the Toisan dialect. *via the multi-national colonization of Shanghai. These have influence from many European countries, also Japan. *via the British colonisation of Hong Kong, e.g. cheongsam. These have heavy influence from Cantonese. *via modern international communication especially after the 1970s when the People's Republic of China opened its Bamboo Curtain to let its people immigrate to various countries, e.g. wushu, feng shui etc. These have heavy influence from Mandarin. *via Japanese and (possibly) Korean and Vietnamese. These languages have borrowed large amounts of Chinese vocabulary in the past, written in the form of Chinese characters. The pronunciation of such loanwords is not based directly on Chinese, but on the local pronunciation of Chinese loanwords in these languages, known as Sino-Japanese, Sino-Korean, and Sino-Vietnamese. In addition, the individual characters were extensively used as building blocks for local neologisms with no counterpart in the original Chinese, resulting in words whose relationship to the Chinese language is similar to the relationship between new Latinate words (particularly those that form a large part of the international scientific vocabulary) and Latin. Such words are excluded from the list. Though all these following terms originated from China, the spelling of the English words depends on which dialect the transliterations came from. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of English words of Chinese origin」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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